Island



GEORGE F. WILSON, 0F EAST rRovIDENoE, RHODE ISLAND.

i' Lata-PatentNo.75,329,dttedM1fchl1o,186e I IMPROVEMENT IN Passiamo BoNEsEoETuE MANUI'AG'IUEE- 0I' solo PIIosPIIs'IEs,

dttrttrhtlt referat 'it iu ttm feitta tant ont uniting'- tlge samt.

To `ALL WHOM IT 'MAY OONCERN; y

Be it known that I, Gnonon F.v WILSON, of East Providence,` in the county ofProvidenc, audState of Rhode Island, haveI invented anew and improved Mode of Distilling'Bones, or'of preparing bones by partial calcination in retorts for the preparation of Horsfo'rds acid phosphate of linie for culinary and domestic uses; and I dohercby declarev that the following is a iull'and exact description thereof,- reference being` had to the accom. panying drawings and to the letters of referencefmarked thereon.

A The object ofthis invention is to prcparebones by prtial burning or distillation for the subsequent pro cess of special roasting, essential to the production of acid phosphate 'of' lime in condition tobe used in' preparing Horsi'ords patent acid phosphate of lime for domestic uses, and also to prevent the products of distilla- Ation'from escaping into the air. I l Y l f In my earlier attempts to obtain vthe acid phosphate Vabove'rcterred -to in liquidform, I that bones;-

burned to whiteness, when treated with oilA of vitriol, formed a paste, which rapidly lilled up the pores of the l felt at'the bottoni of the leach, and arrestedtheleaching. To preventthis,it was found necessary that the burned. bone should retain its poro sityf ai`ter treatment with sulphuric acid, and this was attained by leaving a certain amount 'of unbu'rned carbon in the body of the burned and ground bone, which'should preserve a skel-..

eton of the grains, and thus permit the water of lixiviation to penetrate and leach the mass. l It was ,x1eces`se.ry,'` however, that' thecyar'idsjnd suphd'es'left bynstiilatin-shu'id j bermoved't'o' prevent*tnenommuuication"t of unpleasant odors to the acid liquor, on treatment of the burned boues with the oil of vitriohaudalso-necessary to render the oxide of4 ironin the -bones insoluble, so as to prevent'the discoloration ofvtheliquor and'liual product. These ends were gained by distillation and cooling lsubstantially out -of contact with the*air,;and

subsequent heating or roasting; with the access `only of a very small and regulated amount of e air.

fattempted to burn the boneslin vertical cylinders or retorts, by filling' them with bones from the top, applying the heat around thecurv'edsurfaces, and drawing oi at intervals. at the lil-ottoni, in coolers, excluding t'hoair; but the dilliculty of maintaining the masonry around thetlues, and of maintaining tight joints, and so v preventiugthe gases from becoming a nuisance to the neighborhood, led meto abandon this-plan. After much` experiment 4Idevisedl and' carried out the following plant Three gas-retorts are set horizontally in a benchntith dreun-d smoke-dues, substantially like those of ordinary gas-retort bench.- Connecting at the top with theforward end of each retort is-'a vertical tulie, .com ductingtq a reservoir, which connects with' a system of vertical .con'denscla arranged in theA open 'air overftanks f .l for the reception of the condensed gases, including carbonate of ammonia. The uncondensed gases, including ummoniacal gases, us well as hydrocarbon andother volatile gases, are conductedthrough an agitator contain. vingmuriatic or sulphuric acid, so asto abstract the last traces of ammonia, und arethen conducted under` the bench and dischargedl into the fire, and so prevented from escaping to'become un oifense 'to the neighborhood.

- Theaccompanying diagrams enhibit the connectionsfofthe several parts.. Y v

it is the benchof retorte, with the vertical tubes. n n 'n leading from vthe front endloi` each of said, retorts to the reservoir E,jaud the system otu condensing-'pipes By with the tank C and the agitator D.- l

The modeof use is the. following:"'.l.he retort's are lled with boiled bones, andthe doors 'luted with cl y' Iand keyed tight.V The heatfof the fire on the bars f circulating around the retorts, converts the natal-Mns -tained'in the bones ltosteam, which steam expels the mostofl the atmosl'ihericv air from' the retorts,`and then v- "the various products of destructive distillation ydrive out th'e steam, until there-remain of the bones, besides' b `the phosphatejof lime and'A a small amount of other mineral constituents, a quantity of carbon and certain l -cyanides andlulphidea, and other compounds not material tobe specilicdi' The gasee rising through theveh tical tubes n n n,-Fi`gure 1,'are partially condensed vin' thefreservoir E, the outlet of said'tubes non being' ir'mnersedin the condensed liquor contained .in the reservoir E, the form andconnectio'ns of said tubes with the reservoir being` shown lullig. 2.1' Inpassing thence to the system of cast-irou condensers B, the-gases are -so nearly condensed that at the endg little remains'but permanently volatile hydrocarbons al1-traces of ammoniacal compounds? To'hsave theammonia, the residul gases are passed through ythe-casi: or chamber D, coue taining hydrochloric or sulphur-ic acid, kept in agitation by a revolving dasher, the' cock z' being closed, and

'j .the cocks It and It? open. Freed of its ammonia', the hydrocarbon is passed through the pipefg gli',

to' be burned in Athe grate under the retorts, while theammonia combined with the acid in the chamber D is from time 'to time discharged, when the liquor is saturated through the pipe 7c intothe tank C, by occasionally turning the cock in said pipe. j is a funnel, closed by a cock, r, through which the acid 4is supplied to the chamber D as wanted. s is a pulley, through which motion is communicated to the dasher in the chamber D.- It is sometimes found convenient to make a supplementary reservoir, F, connectedwith-the reservoir C.

When the charge lis distilled, the black bones are quickly rakedout into an iron box or cooler, and theV cover, with a luting -of clay previously prepared, quickiy brought to its place. The nir being excluded, the bones cool without becoming white. As soon as one charge is distilled, and the black bo'nes withdrawn, another charge takes its place. The condensed' liquor in C may dow over into F, where it may be neutralized, with acid and prepared to be used as a fertilizer, vor for other purposes.

With" this apparatus the bones are prepared for future processes without the escape of gases to any considerable extent into the air. Carbonate of ammonia. condenses along the interior of the pipes, more especially in cold weather, and obstructs the 'flow of gases. To prevent this, jets ofstea-m are introducedrom time to time at any convenient part ofthe condensers, as, for instance, at x, which dissolve the carbonate'of ammonia and carry it to the tank C.

What I claim, ,and desire to secure by Letters Patent/of the United States, is

1. The new and improved method or process of destructive distillation of bones, whereby the products ofdistillation` are.principally condensed, the ammoniacal products vthereof preserved, and the remaining gases conveyed to the furnace, thereby adding heat to the llame` and destroying the offensive odors, substantially as aboi'e described. v

2. vA new and improved means or method of destructive distillation of bones by the use of horizontal retorts, n connection with the coolers above described, whereby the retorts ot*- the furnace may be continuously used Without losing their heat, while at the saine time the burned or distilled bone is being cooled and excludedA from the air in said coolers. v l

3.'.The vcombination of the retorts A, the reservoir E, the condenser B,and the chamber D, with its mechas` ical agitator, or its equivalent, and the connecting-pipes above described, substantially as and for the purposes 'ereinbefore set forth. 4

4.A The combination of the retortsA, the reservoir E, the condenser B', and the connecting-pipe g gil', for

the purpose above described. I y t GEO. F. WILSON. Witnesses WILLrAiu Hanes, W. H. McGRENEnY. 

